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Thursday, May 17, 2012

John F. Kennedy Jr.: Evidence Of A Cover up

 

 

JFK Jr. EVIDENCE OF A COVER UP

'I should have kept my mouth shut': JFK Jr's assistant reveals her torment over urging Carolyn Bessette to board that ill-fated flight

Almost 12 years after JFK Jr and his wife Carolynn Bessette's untimely deaths, his assistant has revealed how she talked his wife into taking the flight the couple perished on.

RoseMarie Terenzio, 44, was John F Kennedy Jr's personal assistant, publicist and one of his closest confidantes during the last five years of his life.

In her book, 'Fairy Tale Interrupted', she reveals that the couple were having serious troubles in their marriage and Carolyn had initially refused to join John on that ill-fated flight on July 16, 1999.

Tragic: John F. Kennedy Jr and wife Carolyn Bessette are pictured here outside their New York City apartment soon after they wedded in secret in 1996

Tragic: John F. Kennedy Jr and wife Carolyn Bessette are pictured here outside their New York City apartment soon after they wedded in secret in 1996

Fairy Tale Interrupted RoseMarie Terenzio

 

 

Untold story: JFK Jr's personal assistant RoseMarie Terenzio, right, said now after 12 years she is able to tell the story of her employer's final few years in her new book Fairy Tale Interrupted, pictured left

With their marriage under intense strain, Carolyn, a Calvin Klein executive, who struggled with the constant media attention her husband attracted, had said she was not going to join him at his cousin Rory's wedding on July 17.

John,39, who ran George magazine, had told RoseMarie that Carolyn was determined to stay at home and that he was not 'going to fight with her about it', she recalls in People Magazine.

But RoseMarie tried to change her mind.

'I'm not a priority,' she said. It's always something else. George. Somebody getting fired. A trip to meet advertisers. I just want some normal married time. I'm exhausted' RoseMarie remembers Carolyn telling her.  

The couple, pictured here in October 1998 on their way to attend the reopening of Grand Central Station, were said to be experiencing troubles in their marriage

Strained: The couple, pictured here in October 1998 on their way to attend the reopening of Grand Central Station, were said to be experiencing troubles in their marriage

But RoseMarie said she urged Carolyn to take the flight and go to the wedding in Massachusetts.

'I know. But now's not the time to take a stand. His whole family's going to be at this wedding. Listen. You don't want to put yourself in a position of being judged, you get enough of that.

'Go get a dress and I'll get you a car to the airport.' RoseMarie told her, according to People.

As he left, John had thanked RoseMarie was talking Carolyn around.

'He turned to me and said, 'Rose you're the best. Thanks for smoothing things over.'

Hours later, John's plane crashed in the Atlantic Ocean near Martha's Vinyard, Massachusetts killing him, Carolyn and her sister Lauren.

After the tragic, untimely deaths, RoseMarie said her whole world came crashing down around her, along with her hopes for the future.

Reluctant: Carolyn, pictured here sharing a conversation with her husband John had apparently initially refused to join him on the ill-fated flight

Reluctant: Carolyn, pictured here sharing a conversation with her husband John had apparently initially refused to join him on the ill-fated flight

'I don't feel responsible for what happened, but I will certainly always have the feeling that I should have kept my mouth shut and not told Carolyn to get on the plane,' said RoseMarie reports People magazine.

Only now as the head of her own public relations company, is RoseMarie finally ready to tell her story, giving a very real insight into the lives of the tragic couple.

'John was more than a mannequin of good looks and privilege; Carolyn was not this uptight, cold and guarded person,' RoseMarie told People magazine.

Newlyweds: Pictured here just two months after they got married, the couple were said to have a loving, playful relationship before the strains of the media spotlight started taking its toll on Carolyn

Newlyweds: Pictured here just two months after they got married, the couple were said to have a loving, playful relationship before the strains of the media spotlight started taking its toll on Carolyn

Writing the book 'felt like paying tribute to them. It felt really good.'

In her book, RoseMarie reveals John and Carolyn's sometimes tumultuous relationship and the strain Carolyn felt from the constant media attention after their secret wedding in September 1996.

'Whenever she went out - to get coffee, walk the dog, or meet a friend - they were there, pushing in close and shouting things like wh*re and b**ch. If they could break her perfect exterior, it would be an instant story,' RoseMarie says in the report by People.

Destroyed: The remains of the cockpit controls of John F. Kennedy Jr's. Piper Saratoga II are seen in this photograph released after the crash that killed him, his wife Carolyn and her sister, Lauren Bessette

Destroyed: The remains of the cockpit controls of John F. Kennedy Jr's. Piper Saratoga II are seen in this photograph released after the crash that killed him, his wife Carolyn and her sister, Lauren Bessette

Fatal flight: John was flying a 1999 model Piper Sratoga II similar to the plane pictured which was also used in a desperate search for John, his wife and her sister, after their plane first vanished

Fatal flight: John was flying a 1999 model Piper Sratoga II similar to the plane pictured which was also used in a desperate search for John, his wife and her sister, after their plane first vanished

'Carolyn retreated into herself. Unfortunately John didn't understand. 'Just don't pay attention to it. I don't,' he said

'I knew that John's dismissive attitude was due to his frustration. He couldn't protect his wife. He should have told her as much - I know she really wanted to hear it,' she added.

The book also gives an insight into the couple's more loving relationship and how John proposed to Carolyn on a fishing trip.

RoseMarie revealed to People; 'The couple teased each other a lot, one Valentine's Day there was some tabloid story about him cheating, so she sent him flowers from all these famous models and actresses, like Pamela Anderson. He thought it was hilarious.'

She added that she felt the marriage became strained because they struggled to find 'peaceful marriage time' amongst the media frenzy and the magazine struggling.

RoseMarie also delves into how she planned the couple's secret wedding on Georgia's Cumberland Island as well as their tragic funeral and how she struggled to cope with their deaths.

 

General Background Info

Gay Head

Martha's Vineyard Airport (NOA satellite image)


The aircraft

Click to go to aircraft specs.


The Weather That Night.

Weather Radar Shows Clear Skies.

Click for full size image.

Weather radar image taken 10:40 PM the night of the crash. The radar was set for "clear", a much more sensitive setting than "precipitation" which tracks rain. That this radar image is showing fog and haze as opposed to clouds is proven by the fact that the FAA had listed conditions as VFR with 8 mile visibility for the area.

This radar image shows fog and haze along New York and Long Island, but Martha's Vineyard is definitely in clear air.


News Articles.

The first UPI article.

Click HERE for news article which confirms JFK Jr. to be in calm radio contact with the ground, in 8 mile visibility, and reports a witness who saw a white flash up in the sky. This article also tells a story of a strange radio bacon, thought to be that of JFK Jr's plane, which started at the time of the crash but in the wrong location, then mysteriously shut down some hours later.

There was no heavy haze.

The UPI article about radio contact and an explosion in the sky.

(UPI Focus)
Hopes fade for missing Kennedy plane
AQUINNAH, Mass., July 17 (UPI) - After a daylong unsuccessful search
for a missing single-engine plane piloted by John F. Kennedy Jr., the
National Transportation Safety Board is launching an investigation into
the aircraft's disappearance.
An official statement tonight says an NTSB team has been dispatched
to Martha's Vineyard in Massachusetts as the Coast Guard continues to
coordinate "aggressive search-and-rescue activities."
As daylight faded, Air Force helicopters returned to Otis Air Force
Base, to resume the search Sunday morning.
Hopes faded today as bits of debris from the Piper Saratoga were
recovered and a piece of luggage was positively identified as belonging
to Lauren Bessette, Kennedy's sister-in-law. Kennedy's wife, 33-year-old
Carolyn Bessette, was also traveling with him.
The luggage, along with what appeared to be an airplane tire, washed
up on Philbin Beach on Martha's Vineyard, and Lauren Bessette's name was
on the tag of a black suitcase, said First District Coast Guard
spokesman Lt. Gary Jones.
Jones said other debris - a head rest and carpeting that appeared to
be from the plane - were found this afternoon floating in the water
about 100 yards from nearby Gay Head Beach.
Kennedy and the Bessette sisters were traveling from Caldwell, New
Jersey, to Hyannis Port for the wedding of Mark Bailey and Rory Kennedy,
the last unmarried daughter of Ethel Kennedy and the late Sen. Robert F.
Kennedy Jr.
The event was postponed, and what should have been a joyous gathering
of the clan turned into a grim vigil as members of the Kennedy family
waited anxiously at their storied oceanfront compound for word on the
fate of the three.
An outdoor family mass was held, presided over by three Roman
Catholic priests, as Mrs. Kennedy, other family members and around 275
guests gathered to pray.
Among those present were Sen. Edward M. Kennedy, D-Mass., former U.S.
Rep. Joseph Kennedy, Rory's older brother and JFK Jr.'s cousin, and U.S.
Housing Secretary Andrew Cuomo, who is married to Kerry Kennedy.
John Kennedy's older sister, Carolyn Kennedy Schlossberg, was away
on a rafting trip and had not planned to attend the wedding.
Sen. Kennedy's son, Rep. Patrick Kennedy, D-R.I., was also away in
California and immediately flew back to Boston, according to media
reports.
Family spokesman Brian O'Connor said the family was initially hopeful
that the three would be found alive.
But he said the mood at the compound turned somber when debris,
apparently from the plane, began washing up on the western end of
Martha's Vineyard.
There was no immediate comment from any of the family members.
Before the effort was scaled back at sunset, Rear Adm. Richard M.
Larrabee told journalists the Coast Guard was still in a search-and-
rescue mode. But the dispatch of federal investigators suggests
authorities are now presuming the plane has crashed.
Coast Guard cutters equipped with high-powered lights will continue
to search the sea south of Martha's Vineyard throughout the night.
Earlier in the day, the Civil Air Patrol withdrew from the search 15
aircraft that were combing a 15-by-15-mile grid from Long Island to
Martha's Vineyard after debris and luggage washed ashore on Philbin
Beach.
Jones said the Coast Guard was notified about the missing plane at
around 3 a.m. EDT, and the search started immediately.
About 15 Coast Guard and Air Force aircraft and some 150 personnel
joined in the search.
Kennedy, a licensed private pilot, was expected to arrive at Martha's
Vineyard Airport in Massachusetts in his Piper Saratoga II TC sometime
before 10 p.m. Friday.
At 9:39 p.m. Friday, Kennedy radioed the airport and said he was 13
miles from the airport and 10 miles from the coast, according to WCVB-TV
news in Boston. He reportedly said he was making his final approach.
Moments later, radar operated by the Federal Aviation Administration
showed the plane went into a dive and dropped 1,200 feet in just 12
seconds, according to ABC News.
In his final approach message, WCVB-TV said Kennedy told controllers
at the airport that he planned to drop off his wife's sister and then
take off again between 11 p.m. and 11:30 p.m. for Hyannis Airport. Kennedy's family then called Hyannis Airport - around 2:15 a.m.,
reports say - when he failed to arrive. The airport then checked with
the Martha's Vineyard airport, and the search began.
The plane took off from Essex County Airport in Caldwell, N.J., at
8:38 p.m. Friday and lost contact with the FAA on its final approach to
Martha's Vineyard, Mass., said Coast Guard spokesman Steve Carleton.
An emergency beacon thought to belong to the plane was activated and
heard by the Coast Guard in Long Island, N.Y., at 3:40 a.m. But as the
search went on, authorities seemed to discount the relevance of the
beacon signal.
Kurt Hartman, spokesman for the U.S. Coast Guard's district
headquarters in New Haven, Conn., said this morning, "We received a
call from our district office in Boston directing us to conduct a
shoreline search off Horton Point, in Long Island Sound, for an
emergency locating transmitting beacon."
But by 10:30 a.m., the Coast Guard was no longer receiving a signal
from the emergency beacon that was believed to be on Kennedy's small
plane.
Petty Officer Virginia Adams in Boston confirmed to United Press
International that the Coast Guard lost the signal Saturday morning.
Adams also confirmed that Kennedy was piloting the plane, and that his
wife and sister-in-law were aboard.
Jamie Gaspar, spokesman for Martha's Vineyard Airport, told UPI that
"someone was at the airport to pick up the passengers on the plane, but
it never arrived."
A reporter for the Vineyard Gazette newspaper told WCVB-TV in Boston
that he was out walking Friday night about the time of the crash and saw
"big white flash in the sky" off Philbin Beach.

Kennedy did not file a flight plan, leading some to first suspect he
altered his route. But by 9 a.m., his arrival at Martha's Vineyard was
more than 12 hours late, and the Kennedy family postponed the wedding he
was traveling to attend.
The Air Force and Air National Guard mounted a massive air search
using helicopters, Falcon jets and a TC-130 aircraft over a 1,000-
square-mile search area that eventually concentrated on Martha's
Vineyard.
The ongoing Coast Guard search involves a 47-foot utility boat, two
41-foot utility boats and an 87-foot patrol boat, as well as two Coast
Guard helicopters.
Expected to join the search late tonight was a special ship from the
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration equipped with sonar to
conduct underwater searches.
A special infrared-equipped helicopter was also set to join the
nighttime search. Its temperature-sensitive equipment is capable of
detecting a person in the water.
Kennedy Jr. - the only son of President John F. Kennedy and
Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, and the nephew of Sen. Ted Kennedy, D-Mass.
- has worked as an assistant district attorney and is currently the
editor of the political magazine George. Kennedy, 38, married Carolyn
Bessette during a secretive ceremony in 1996.
WCVB-TV says Kennedy got his pilot's license last year after
undergoing training at Flight Safety International, a respected pilots'
school in Florida. He was licensed to fly visually, but not by using
instruments alone.
Visibility at the time was reported to be 8 miles,
clear enough to fly without instruments.

The Piper Aircraft Co. says the six-passenger plane Kennedy was
flying was built in 1995. WCVB-TV says Kennedy bought it in April of
this year.
White House Chief of Staff John Podesta telephoned President Clinton
this morning at Camp David with news of the missing plane. Clinton and
Kennedy have met often.
In a statement issued from Camp David, where he is spending the
weekend, Clinton said, "All our prayers and thoughts are with the
families of those on board." The president has asked to be kept
informed about the search effort.
Kennedy is a native of Washington. He was born on Nov. 25, 1960, just
two months before his father was inaugurated as president.
--
Copyright 1999 by United Press International.
All rights reserved.
--


Copyright 1999 by United Press International






Okay. We now know from eyewitness accounts and from the weather radar picture that the air was actually clear enough for people on the ground to see aircraft out over the ocean. Ergo, if this witness saw a white flash up "in the sky" (as opposed to "on the ocean") then it was indeed up in the sky.

Note that this article also reports 8 mile visibility.

I hadn't noticed it before, but the beacon signal is interesting. It starts at about the correct time for the crash, but in the wrong location, then just as mysteriously shuts off sometime later. Misdirection?

Click HERE for news article which quotes an eyewitness report that conditions on Martha's Vineyard were not hazy. This report also shows that people on the shore of the island could see aircraft on approach out over the ocean, proving that aircraft out over the ocean could see the shore.

It Wasn't Dark at all.


Martha's Vineyard has bright lights shining up into the sky.


Click HERE for a Letter to the Editor published in the Martha's Vineyard Times complaining how new lights which point up into the sky have turned the center of the island as bright as the "Boston Skyline".






Deliberate Disinformation That Points to a Cover-up.


New York Post reporter Cindy Adams outs C. David Heymann for deliberately planting false information with the press, information which implies that JFK Jr. was an incompetent pilot.






Deliberate Disinformation That Points to a Cover-up. Part 2


New York Observer reporter Andrew Goldman confirms C. David Heymann for deliberately planting false information with the press, information which smears JFK Jr. as a reckless and incompetent pilot.






The on again off again beacon.



The very first night the aircraft carrying JFK Jr. vanished, there were early reports of an emergency beacon being detected, but detected quite a distance away from where the plane's wreckage was actually found.

From the initial UPI story, we get the following odd comment.

 An emergency beacon thought to belong to the plane was activated and heard by the Coast Guard in Long Island, N.Y., at 3:40 a.m. But as the search went on, authorities seemed to discount the relevance of the beacon signal.

Was another plane down in the area that night? If not, then the beacon has to be relative.

   Kurt Hartman, spokesman for the U.S. Coast Guard's district
headquarters in New Haven, Conn., said this morning, "We received a call from our district office in Boston directing us to conduct a
shoreline search off Horton Point, in Long Island Sound, for an
emergency locating transmitting beacon."
But by 10:30 a.m., the Coast Guard was no longer receiving a signal
from the emergency beacon that was believed to be on Kennedy's small plane.

Here we find that the beacon that has the Coast Guard ordering a search in the WRONG LOCATION simply goes away. The source of that beacon has never been identified.

For those critical first few hours, this beacon had searchers looking in the wrong place. Then it simple went away.


Bright lights over Martha's Vineyard


The following letter to the editor was published in the Martha's Vineyard Times "Letters To The Editor" on Wednesday, July 28, 1999. A phone call to the Times confirmed that the lights described in this letter were indeed in operation on the night that John Kennedy Jr. crashed.






Too Much Light at New Airport

To the Editor:

The Vineyard has taken another step towards becoming
Orlando north.
Last weekend, we took a late ferry back to the Vineyard
after a few weeks away. When we arrived at our house south
of the EdgartownVineyard Haven Road, turned off the car
lights and stepped out of the car, I was astonished to see
the sky to the north of us lit up as brightly as the Boston
skyline.
I drove north to discover that the new airport had
apparently been opened in our absence, and there were now
60 new roadway lights in operation! Unlike the old street
lights, which had their bulbs up inside a reflector where
they would illuminate the ground but be shielded from the
sky, these new lights are very bright and completely
unshielded. Not only do they direct much of their light
upwards, the glare from the bright, unshielded bulbs
prevents you from seeing the grounds clearly.
Considering The Martha's Vineyard Times series last year on
the issue of light pollution, numerous letters to the
editors of the Gazette and The Times about light pollution,
the new Aquinnah building regulations covering lighting,
and letters to the airport commissioners pleading with them
to consider the issue of light pollution in the design of
the new airport, who was the genius who specified these new
street lights? They may have "architectural presence," but
they destroy a large area of night sky.
Please call and write the commissioners, demanding that
they replace these lights with ones that shield their bulbs
from the sky, like the new lights on the Vineyard Haven-Oak
Bluffs causeway. We do not have to let "progress" turn the
Vineyard into just another metropolitan suburb.

Peter Jones
Belmont and Edgartown


These new lights directly contadict the image being put out in the media that Martha's Vineyard is a very dark place with no visual reference at night.

Even were it hazy, the glow of light through the haze would be visible.


 



Wednesday, May 16, 2012

KALEIDOSCOPE OF PHOTOS: WITH THE BEATLES

 

 







KALEIDOSCOPE OF PHOTOS: WITH THE BEATLES

These futuristic homes are taking shape on the West Coast - and you don't need a flying Delorian to see them.

With daring new designs, several California-based architectural firms are making waves with concepts that will change what America knows about home design and décor.

California Home + Design is spotlighting several of the homes, as well as the architects who made them possible.

Just plane exquisite: The roof of the 747 Wing House, designed by architect David Hertz, was made out of actual wings from a 747 jumbo jet

Just plane exquisite: The roof of the 747 Wing House, designed by architect David Hertz, was made out of actual wings from a 747 jumbo jet

Letting some light in: Don't be fooled by this Toro Canyon home's exterior - the inside is extremely colourful

Letting some light in: Don't be fooled by this Toro Canyon home's exterior - the inside is extremely colourful

A bridge to somewhere: The Bridge House in San Anselmo is built across a ravine

A bridge to somewhere: The Bridge House in San Anselmo is built across a ravine.

The Bridge House, designed by San Francisco-based architect Stanley Staitowitz, is built across a ravine on a 15-acre property in San Anselmo.

Attracting architecture awards and plenty of eyeballs across the country, the unique designs are blowing the roof off conventional homebuilding. 

 

Unique: The Treehouse, left, offers a breathtaking view of Los Angeles, while the Palms House, right, is spacious and features several balconies

One of the homes, located in Malibu, was redesigned with actual wings from a jumbo jet, which architect David Hertz envisioned after the homeowner came to him with a desire for a curved roof.

Palms House

Treehouse

Desert fortress: The iT House, located in the high desert east of Los Angeles, was designed with thick walls, small windows and even rooftop solar panels by architecture firm Taalman and Koch

Desert fortress: The iT House, located in the high desert east of Los Angeles, was designed with thick walls, small windows and even rooftop solar panels by architecture firm Taalman and Koch

Green house: This Montecito home was constructed out of eco-friendly materials like steel, glass and concrete

Green house: This Montecito home was constructed out of eco-friendly materials like steel, glass and concrete

Lifeguard on duty? This home, nestled in California's Wine Country, boast a house, guest house, and a sprawling pool

Lifeguard on duty? This home, nestled in California's Wine Country, boast a house, guest house, and a sprawling pool

Location, location, location: The Nakahouse in the Hollywood Hills is a favourite among the architecture crowd

Location, location, location: The Nakahouse in the Hollywood Hills is a favourite among the architecture crowd

Jagged: The Openhouse, also located in the Hollywood Hills, is an edgy approach to home design

Jagged: The Openhouse, also located in the Hollywood Hills, is an edgy approach to home design

world of Gothic cathedral ceilings

At first glance, the amazing symmetry of these images makes them look like the hypnotic, psychedelic patterns seen through a kaleidoscope.

But they are in fact amazing examples of European cathedral ceilings, designed and crafted with the utmost precision as places where the earthly can meet the divine.

The Gothic cathedrals of the Middle Ages are among the world's greatest architectural achievements, symbols of the intense religious devotion of the era.

Remarkable symmetry: The vaulted ceiling of the Chapter House at York Minster, seat of the Archbishop of York

 

Remarkable symmetry: The vaulted ceiling of the Chapter House at York Minster, seat of the Archbishop of York

With many taking decades, or even centuries, to build and decorate, they represent some of the finest tangible achievements of the Christian faith and are major landmarks in the geography and history of the cities in which they stand.

Many are featured among the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites, in which they sit aside wonders like the pyramids of Egypt and Angkor Wat in Cambodia.

For centuries, the remarkable geometry of the sites have amazed tourists and religious devotees alike, with the architects and who built them codifying their sense of spiritual wonder in stone.

York Minster, the seat of the Archbishop of York and the second largest Gothic cathedral in northern Europe, took more than 200 years to complete.

Built from magnesian limestone, quarried in nearby Tadcaster, the building has a cruciform plan with an octagonal chapter house attached to the north transept, a central tower and two towers at the west front.

The roof of the chapter house, pictured above, is notable not only for its incredible intricate vaulting, but also because it has not central column for support.

 

Grand: The ceiling of Ely Cathedral, Cambridgeshire, showing the octagonal lantern in the centre

Grand: The ceiling of Ely Cathedral, Cambridgeshire, showing the octagonal lantern in the centre

Perfect geometry: The nave of the Hieronymite Monastery in Belém, Portugal, shows the remarkable precision of the stone masons and architects that built medieval holy buildings

Perfect geometry: The nave of the Hieronymite Monastery in Belém, Portugal, shows the remarkable precision of the stone masons and architects that built medieval holy buildings

Severe: The Ambulatory at the Santa Maria del Mar in Barcelona, Spain, built in the 1300s

Severe: The Ambulatory at the Santa Maria del Mar in Barcelona, Spain, built in the 1300s

These images of cathedral ceilings were photographed by Dr David Stephenson, associate professor at the University of Tasmania's School of Art in Hobart.

Dr Stephenson is an expert in cathedral architecture and his work has been exhibited throughout the world and published in numerous publications.

These pictures feature in his book Heavenly Vaults: From Romanesque to Gothic in European Architecture, published in New York by Princeton Architectural Press.

In an accompanying essay, he charts the history of the vault and explains its technological developments.

Purple haze: The Choir ceiling at Sainte-Chappelle, Paris, France

Purple haze: The Choir ceiling at Sainte-Chappelle, Paris, France

Magnificent: The nave at Chartres Cathedral in Chartres, France - perhaps one of the most splendid examples of Gothic architecture

Magnificent: The nave at Chartres Cathedral in Chartres, France - perhaps one of the most splendid examples of Gothic architecture

Heavenly: The nave of Laon Cathedral, Laon, France

Heavenly: The nave of Laon Cathedral, Laon, France

Towering: St Hugh's Choir at Lincoln Cathedral, Lincoln, England - named for the Bishop who began the cathedral's renovation in the Gothic style after it was damaged by an earthquake in the 12th century

Towering: St Hugh's Choir at Lincoln Cathedral, Lincoln, England - named for the Bishop who began the cathedral's renovation in the Gothic style after it was damaged by an earthquake in the 12th century

Devotion: The nave of St Mary's Church in Gdansk, Poland. Photographer Dr David Stephenson travelled across Europe photographing the best of Gothic religious architecture

Devotion: The nave of St Mary's Church in Gdansk, Poland. Photographer Dr David Stephenson travelled across Europe photographing the best of Gothic religious architecture

Massive: The vaulted ceiling above the choir at Cologne Cathedral, Cologne, Germany, which is northern Europe's largest Gothic church

Massive: The vaulted ceiling above the choir at Cologne Cathedral, Cologne, Germany, which is northern Europe's largest Gothic church

New York secret rooftop world: Amazing aerial shots give you a view of city's skyline as you've never seen it before

This incredible collection of aerial photographs taken above New York gives a rare glimpse of a hidden rooftop world.

Just a few stories above the non-stop hubbub of city life exists an incredible oasis of lush gardens, restaurants, swimming pools and even tennis courts.

Thanks to Mayor Bloomberg's eco-friendly 'roofscaping' initiatives, the tops of dozens of buildings have been transformed into amazing outdoor living spaces and models for green-city living.

Secret world: One of photographer Alex Maclean's amazing aerial shots shows a block in Upper West Side

Secret world: One of photographer Alex Maclean's amazing aerial shots shows a block in Upper West Side

Growing trend: A one acre urban farm in the Long Island City neighborhood of Queens

Growing trend: A one acre urban farm in the Long Island City neighborhood of Queens

Guests at the city's Standard Hotel enjoy the rooftop life

Guests at the city's Standard Hotel enjoy the rooftop life

Other amazing features include beehives, basketball courts adventure playgrounds artworks and even a vintage Sopwith Camel biplane.

Pilot and photographer Alex MacLean captured the stunning images for his new book Up on The Roof: New York's Hidden Skyline Spaces.

Over the years MacLean has flown his plane over large areas of the United States, documenting the landscape from beautiful agricultural patterns to geometric city grids.

In the book's introduction architecture critic Robert Campbell writes: 'Rooftops will be the lungs of the denser city of the future.

'As the world urbanizes, the rooftops will connect us with nature, with wind and sun and rain and snow, with the natural processes of growth and decay.'

Urban jungle: A multi-level rooftop garden overlooking Central Park in Manhattan's Upper East Side

Urban jungle: A multi-level rooftop garden overlooking Central Park in Manhattan's Upper East Side

Artificial materials and pebbles make up the camouflage pattern on the roof at the Museum of Modern Art

Artificial materials and pebbles make up the camouflage pattern on the roof at the Museum of Modern Art

MacLean snapped the city from the window of his lightweight, composite plane. He learnt to fly while studying architecture at Harvard in the Seventies and later provided aerial images for architects and landscape designers.

Over the years he has clocked up more than 6,000 flying hours and has published ten books of his aerial photography.

The new book, which contains 184 beautifully detailed photographs, is published by Princeton Architectural Press and available from Amazon.

Transformation: The skyline, an elevated park in the sky built on top of the tracks of a disused railway, weaves its way through the city blocks

Transformation: The High Line, an elevated park in the sky built on top of the tracks of a disused railway, weaves its way through the city blocks

Tudor City, Manhattan: A mid-rise apartment building topped with terrace gardens detailed with Tudor style flourishes

Tudor City, Manhattan: A mid-rise apartment building topped with terrace gardens detailed with Tudor style flourishes

Chocks away: A vintage bi-plane is pictured on the roof of 77 Water Street in the city's financial district

Chocks away: A vintage bi-plane is pictured on the roof of 77 Water Street in the city's financial district

Chelsea, Manhattan: A Cool mural on a white roof above a gallery building in Chelsea

Chelsea, Manhattan: A Cool mural on a white roof above a gallery building in Chelsea

Green living: A beautifully detailed high-rise terrace garden

Green living: A beautifully detailed high-rise terrace garden

The School of the Future building at 127 East 22nd Street

The School of the Future building at 127 East 22nd Street

Manhattan: New roof terraces in various stages of construction are configured around headhouses, lightwells and water towers

Manhattan: New roof terraces in various stages of construction are configured around headhouses, lightwells and water towers

Aerosol Art Center: An outdoor art exhibit space in Long Island City. A Mecca for graffiti artists the world over

Aerosol Art Center: An outdoor art exhibit space in Long Island City. A Mecca for graffiti artists the world over

A stunning selection of apartments above 166 Bank St

A stunning selection of roof gardens above 166 Bank St

The green roof above the Morgan mail processing facility, covers 109,000 square feet, or nearly 2.5 acres. During construction, approximately 90 percent of the original roof was recycled

This brilliant new collection of aerial photographs giving a spectacular bird's eye view of Britain from above has been released to mark the Queen's Jubilee year.

Bustling cities contrast with serene stretches of glorious countryside as sites that might seem ubiquitous from the ground are transformed into unique and wonderful images when viewed from above.

 

Perfect location: The Glenfinnan Viaduct in Scotland featured in the Harry Potter films

Perfect location: The Glenfinnan Viaduct in Scotland featured in the Harry Potter films

Jubilee year: Buckingham Palace dominates the landscape in their aerial view of London

Jubilee year: Buckingham Palace dominates the landscape in this aerial view of London

Jolly hockey pics: Pictured from above these sports and the ant like people pitches take on a strange geometrical beauty

Jolly hockey pics: Pictured from above these sports pitches and the ant like people playing take on a strange geometrical beauty

Jason, who has produced more than 40 aerial photographic books for various publishers, said: 'Britain is a stunning country to photograph - the topography is so varied.

'In just a morning's flight you can go from busy town and cities to tiny rural villages, from rugged mountain scenery to the flattest broads, and from meandering inland waterways to remote coastlines.

'And as for the history and heritage - it's surely one of the richest landscapes in the world for ancient monuments and magnificent architecture, both old and new.

'It's a thrilling place to discover on foot, but perhaps all the more intriguing from the air.'

Field of dreams: The Oval cricket pitch in South London at night

Field of dreams: The Oval cricket pitch in South London at night

Fun land: A rollercoaster track twists and turns to form an incredible image at this British amusement park

Fun land: A rollercoaster track twists and turns to form an incredible colourful image at this amusement park in Southend-on-Sea

Looking down on an angel: A rarely seen of Anthony Gormley's Angel of the North sculpture in Gateshead

Looking down on an angel: A rarely seen view of Anthony Gormley's Angel of the North sculpture in Gateshead

 Jason has specialized in aerial photography since 1991 and has produced more than 40 aerial photographic books for publishers

Brighton Pier: Jason has specialised in aerial photography since 1991 and has produced more than 40 aerial photographic books for publishers

Hanging out with Nelson: A view looking down on Nelson's Column in London's Trafalgar Square

Hanging out with Nelson: A view looking down on Nelson's Column in London's Trafalgar Square

Ace view: Centre Court at the Wimbledon Lawn Tennis Club

Ace view: Centre Court at the Wimbledon Lawn Tennis Club

Suburban heights: The stunning aerial images were captured by photographer Jason Hawkes while he was shooting various assignments across the country in a helicopter

London suburbs: The stunning aerial images were captured by photographer Jason Hawkes while he was shooting various assignments across the country in a helicopter

Heritage site: A quiet moment at Stonehenge

Heritage site: A quiet moment at Stonehenge

Nooks and crannies: A lighthouse looks out over a rugged stretch of Britain's coast

Nooks and crannies: A lighthouse looks out over a rugged stretch of coast near East Prawle in Devon

Myth and legend: Some believe Glastonbury Tor in Somerset is the final resting place of King Arthur

Myth and legend: Some believe Glastonbury Tor in Somerset is the final resting place of King Arthur

Bluegrass: A field of Flax in Buckinghamshire takes on magical properties

Bluegrass: A field of Flax in Buckinghamshire takes on magical properties

Based just outside London, photographer Jason Hawkes has been making fascinating aerial images since 1991. One of his specialties is nighttime photography, where he mounts his camera to a gyro-stabilizer and takes photos directly from the open door of a helicopter. Jason has been generous to me over the years, and once again he has shared a group of stunning images. As we approach the London Summer Olympics, let Jason give you a preview tour of London and other cities in the U.K.

Night aerial view over Swiss Re Tower, and the Lloyds Building, City of London. (© Jason Hawkes)

Night aerial view over Swiss Re Tower, and the Lloyds Building, City of London. (© Jason Hawkes)

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The clock tower of the Palace of Westminster, home to "Big Ben". (© Jason Hawkes) #

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Night aerial view over the River Clyde and Central Glasgow. (© Jason Hawkes) #

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Five a side football pitches, 20 Union Street, Manchester. (© Jason Hawkes) #

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Dusk aerial view over the London 2012 Olympic Park, showing the London Aquatics Centre (center left), Water Polo Arena (bottom center), and Olympic Stadium (right). (© Jason Hawkes) #

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Night aerial view over Clyde Auditorium, Glasgow. (© Jason Hawkes) #

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The Shard, Europe's tallest building, with St Paul's Cathedral and the London Eye in the far background. (© Jason Hawkes) #

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Night aerial view over M62 and M60 motorways. (© Jason Hawkes) #

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Fairfax Street, Bristol. (© Jason Hawkes) #

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Night aerial view overlooking Bank and the City of London. (© Jason Hawkes) #

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The historic s Great Britain, a ship first launched in 1843, now on display in a dry dock in Bristol. (© Jason Hawkes) #

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Albert Hall, South Kensignton, London. (© Jason Hawkes) #

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Bristol Temple Meads Rail Station in Bristol, England. (© Jason Hawkes) #

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The O2 Arena, in Greenwich, London, showing the new sky walkway across the top of the dome. (© Jason Hawkes) #

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The City of London, showing the blue lights of the Heron Tower. (© Jason Hawkes) #

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Queen Square, in the center of Bristol, England. (© Jason Hawkes) #

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Houses of Parliament, Westminster, London. (© Jason Hawkes) #

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Pedestrians and buses crowd Piccadilly Circus, London. (© Jason Hawkes) #

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Gallery of Modern Art, Royal Exchange Square, Glasgow. (© Jason Hawkes) #

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The City of London, with Tower Bridge (upper right) and the River Thames. (© Jason Hawkes) #

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The Selfridges store designed by Future Systems at the Bullring, Birmingham. (© Jason Hawkes) #

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George Square, Glasgow. (© Jason Hawkes) #

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A huge distribution center, Smethwick, West Midlands. (© Jason Hawkes) #

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The City of London with the Heron Tower, Swiss Re Tower and Tower 42. To the right of the image you can see the dome of St Paul's Cathedral and on the South side of the River Thames the newly completed Shard Building. (© Jason Hawkes) #

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A night game at Wembley Stadium. (© Jason Hawkes) #

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The Westfield Stratford Shopping center and London 2012 Olympic Park (center). (© Jason Hawkes) #

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Thermae Bath Spa is a combination of the historic spa and a contemporary building, in Bath, England. (© Jason Hawkes) #

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Riverside Museum: Scotland's Museum of Transport and Travel, in Glasgow. (© Jason Hawkes) #

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Above Charing Cross Station, looking to the South Bank and London Eye, London. (© Jason Hawkes) #

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The Abbey Church of Saint Peter and Saint Paul, Bath, commonly known as Bath Abbey, an Anglican parish church and a former Benedictine monastery in Bath, Somerset, England. (© Jason Hawkes)

A view of Earth, the stars, and red and green auroras above cities in western North America, as seen from the International Space Station, on February 19, 2012. (NASA)

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Rows of houses near the London 2012 Olympic Park in London, England, on March 27, 2012. (Reuters/Stefan Wermuth) #

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Australia's Lady Elliot Island, seen on January 14, 2012. Lady Elliot Island is one of the three island resorts in the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. The island of approximately 100 acres lies 46 nautical miles north-east of the Queensland town of Bundaberg and is the southern-most coral cay of the Great Barrier Reef. (Mark Kolbe/Getty Images) #

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Flooded valleys line Lake Nasser, in Egypt. Lake Nasser was formed after the completion of the Aswan High Dam across the Nile River in 1970. (© DigitalGlobe, Google, inc.) #

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A view of central Moscow, with the headquarters of Russia's Foreign Ministry, one of the so-called Stalin high rises, in the foreground, seen on April 5, 2012. (Alexander Nemenov/AFP/Getty Images) #

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Pine forests near the central Bosnian town of Vlasic covered by snow in winter, on February 9, 2012. (Reuters/Dado Ruvic) #

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Railway tracks lead towards the main train station as the sun sets on a freezing cold afternoon in Frankfurt, Germany, on January 31, 2012. (Reuters/Kai Pfaffenbach) #

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An aerial view of Las Vegas, Nevada, surrounding sprawl, and background mountains, photographed on January 11, 2012. (Bruce Bennett/Getty Images) #

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The Beachy Head lighthouse, near Eastbourne, England, on September 1, 2011. Trinity House, which is responsible for the lighthouse, has said that the it will not be repainted in its distinctive red and white stripes because it is no longer required as a daymark.(Reuters/Luke MacGregor) #

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An illegal oil refining site with runoff from crude oil covering the banks along the Imo river, 30 km (20 miles) west of Nigeria's oil hub city of Port Harcourt, on September 22, 2011. (Reuters/Akintunde Akinleye) #

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A view of Petare shantytown, east of Caracas, Venezuela, taken on February 15, 2012. (Leo Ramirez/AFP/Getty Images) #

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Residents on a boat navigate down a flooded farm in the municipality of Cajica near Bogota, on May 21, 2011. (Reuters/John Vizcaino) #

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A view of lower Manhattan just before sunset in New York, on August 24, 2011. (Reuters/Lucas Jackson) #

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Astronauts orbiting some 415 km (258 mi) above the Earth in the International Space Station photographed these multilayered cloud formations above the Pacific Ocean, on November 24, 2011. (NASA) #

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An aerial view from a medevac helicopter shows vehicle pathways in a desert area of Helmand province, Afghanistan, on November 8, 2011. (Behrouz Mehri/AFP/Getty Images) #

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Moscow, Russia appears at the center of this nighttime image photographed by one of the Expedition 30 crew members aboard the International Space Station, on March 28, 2012. A solar array panel for the space station is on the left side of the frame. The view is to the north-northwest. On the horizon in the background can be seen a small sample of Aurora Borealis, airglow and daybreak. (NASA) #

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Heard Island, an Australian territory in the Indian Ocean, dominated by Mawson Peak, a 2,745 m (9,000 ft) high volcano. The uninhabited island is among one of the most remote on Earth, halfway between Africa and Australia, and 1,609 km (1,000 mi) north of Antarctica. Photographed by the crew of the International Space Station on November 24, 2011. (NASA) #

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Tents of Muslim pilgrims spread among roads and pathways in Mina, Soudia Arabia, where they gathered for the Hajj on November 7, 2011. (Reuters/Ammar Awad) #

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An inflatable dinghy in a flood-affected field in the French southeastern town of Roquebrune-sur-Argens, France, on November 7, 2011. (Boris Horvat/AFP/Getty Images) #

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Mont-Saint-Michel, a tourist attraction and UNESCO world heritage site in northwestern France, seen on February 2, 2012. (Kenzo Tribouillard/AFP/Getty Images) #

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Ice floes along the Kamchatka coastline are featured in this image photographed by an Expedition 30 crew member on the International Space Station, on March 15, 2012. As ice floes grind against each other, they produce smaller floes that can be moved by wind and water currents acting along the coastline. The irregular southeastern coastline of Kamchatka helps to produce large circular eddy currents from the main southwestward-flowing Kamchatka current. (NASA) #

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A swirling low pressure system above the Gulf of Alaska, highlighted by an aurora and city lights below, seen from the International Space Station on February 10, 2012. (NASA) #

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The Eiffel Tower in Paris, viewed on Bastille Day, July 14, 2011. (Reuters/Charles Platiau) #

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Ice sheets float on the river Oder at the German-Polish border in Ratzdorf, Germany, on February 10, 2012. (Patrick Pleul/AFP/Getty Images) #

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Workers coordinate to harvest soybeans on a farm in the city of Tangara da Serra, Brazil, on March 27, 2012. (Reuters/Paulo Whitaker) #

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A firefighting helicopter can be seen (top left) hovering over a lake, refilling to fight a portion of the Schultz Fire as it burned approximately five miles north of Flagstaff, Arizona, on June 22, 2010. (Image courtesy of GeoEye) #

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A group of tourists bathe in the mineral-rich waters of the southern Dead Sea at the resort area of Ein Boqek, Israel, on November 10, 2011. (Menahem Kahana/AFP/Getty Images) #

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The Thematic Mapper on NASA's Landsat 5 satellite captured this image of Vancouver, British Columbia, on September 7, 2011. Flowing through braided channels, the Fraser River meanders toward the sea, emptying through multiple outlets. (NASA Earth Observatory image created by Robert Simmon and Jesse Alle) #

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On January 4, 2012, these cloud formations developed over the Bering Sea in part because of the snow and ice blanketing the land and the sea ice clinging to the coast. Air blowing over ice and then warmer ocean water can lead to the development of parallel cylinders of spinning air. On the upper edge of these cylinders of rising air, small clouds form. Along the downward side (descending air), skies are clear. The resulting cloud formations resemble streets. (NASA, LANCE/EOSDIS MODIS Rapid Response Team) #

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The Mecca Clock Tower in the Grand Mosque of the holy city of Mecca during the annual Hajj pilgrimage, on November 7, 2011. (Fayez Nureldine/AFP/Getty Images) #

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Tropical Cyclone Funso, observed by MODIS on NASA's Aqua satellite, on January 26, 2012. The storm went on to affect Mozambique and Malawi, causing floods and claiming some 40 lives. (NASA, Jeff Schmaltz, LANCE/EOSDIS MODIS Rapid Response Team) #

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A portion of Malaspina Glacier in southeastern Alaska, with runoff streams leading to the Gulf of Alaska. Malaspina is the largest piedmont glacier in the world, a type of glacier that spills from high mountains, spreading out across a low flat plain. Malaspina Glacier covers an area of 3,900 square kilometers (1,500 sq mi). (TerraMetrics, GeoEye, Google, Inc.) #

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A fisherman in floodwaters in Ayutthaya province, north of Bangkok, on November 19, 2011. (Pornchai Kittiwongsakul/AFP/Getty Images) #

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An Oblique view of Antarctica and the South Shetland Islands, seen from orbit, aboard the ISS, on October 4, 2011. (NASA) #

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An oil tanker drives through desertified land in Hengshan county, northwest China's Shaanxi province, on June 1, 2011. (Reuters/Rooney Chen) #

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A development on one of the islands of "The World Islands" project in Dubai, on January 7, 2012. The collection of man-made islands are shaped into the continents of the world, and will consist of 300 small private artificial islands divided into four categories - private homes, estate homes, dream resorts, and community islands, according to the development company Nakheel Properties Group. (Reuters/Jumana El Heloueh) #

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Seasonal asparagus harvesters work on their vegetable crops near Elsholz, Germany, in this photo taken on April 17, 2012. (AP Photo/dapd, Klaus-Dietmar Gabbert) #

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A view of the Isiboro Secure indigenous territory and national park, known by its Spanish acronym TIPNIS, in Beni, Bolivia, on September 16, 2011. Bolivian President Evo Morales faced strong resistance from within his indigenous support base over government plans to build a 185-mile wide (300 km) highway through the Amazon forest. (Reuters/Daniel Caballero/Bolivian Presidency) #

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This astronaut photograph from the International Space Station highlights the southeastern part of the Southern United States at night, including the eastern Gulf of Mexico and lower Atlantic Seaboard states. The brightly lit metropolitan areas of Atlanta, Georgia (image center) and Jacksonville, Florida (image lower right) appear largest in the image with numerous other urban areas forming an interconnected network of light across the region. A large dark region to the northwest of Jacksonville, FL is the Okefenokee National Wildlife Refuge. Photo taken on January 29, 2012. (NASA)

Wrong turns: Longleat maze is the largest in Britain

Wrong turns: Longleat maze near Bath is the largest in Britain

Earlier today, a Soyuz-FG rocket lifted off from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, carrying an International Space Station (ISS) crew into orbit. Baikonur, Russia's primary space launch facility since the 1950s, is the largest in the world, and supports multiple launches of both manned and unmanned rockets every year. With the U.S. manned space program currently on hold, Baikonur is now the sole launching point for trips to the ISS. Gathered here is a look at the facility, some of the cosmonaut training programs in Star City outside of Moscow, and a few recent launches and landings

 

The Russian Soyuz TMA-19 spaceship that will carry a crew to the International Space Station sits on the launch pad at the Russian-leased Baikonur Cosmodrome in Baikonur, Kazakhstan, on June 13, 2010. (AP Photo/Sergey Ponomarev)

The Russian Soyuz TMA-19 spaceship that will carry a crew to the International Space Station sits on the launch pad at the Russian-leased Baikonur Cosmodrome in Baikonur, Kazakhstan, on June 13, 2010. (AP Photo/Sergey Ponomarev)

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International Space Station (ISS) crew members U.S. astronaut Joseph Acaba (left) and Russian cosmonauts Gennady Padalka (center) and Sergei Revin demonstrate their space suits at the Baikonur cosmodrome, on May 3, 2012. (Reuters/Sergei Remezov) #

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The centrifuge used for training cosmonauts at the Star City space center outside Moscow, on February 21, 2011. (Reuters/Sergei Remezov) #

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ISS crew member Russian cosmonaut Sergei Revin inside the Soyuz spacecraft as he goes through training and acquaintance procedures inside the Soyuz spacecraft at the Baikonur Cosmodrome, on May 3, 2012. (Reuters/Sergei Remezov) #

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A Soyuz space capsule in a forest during a complex training on emergency landing at a marshy wooded site in winter, with members of an expedition to the ISS, on January 31, 2012. It is a part of their training program preparing for a space flight to the International Space Station scheduled for April 2013. (AP Photo/Mikhail Metzel) #

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Members of an expedition to the ISS, Russian Cosmonauts Pavel Vinogradov, left, and Alexander Misurkin, right, and US astronaut Christopher Cassidy, center, prepare a fire near their tent in a forest during emergency landing training at a marshy wooded site at Star City, outside Moscow, Russia, on January 31, 2012. (AP Photo/Mikhail Metzel) #

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At the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, the Soyuz TMA-20 spacecraft is shown before the its encapsulation into its payload fairing, on December 9, 2010. (NASA/Victor Zelentsov) #

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The Progress cargo vessel, surrounded by service towers, in its assembling hangar at Baikonur cosmodrome, on December 20, 2011. (Reuters/Shamil Zhumatov) #

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The Russian Soyuz TMA-01M spaceship that will carry new crew to the international space station is transported from hangar to the launch pad at the Russian leased Baikonur cosmodrome, Kazakhstan, on October 5, 2010. (AP Photo/Dmitry Lovetsky) #

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Security guards and photographers gather near the Russian Soyuz TMA-19 spaceship as it is transported from a hangar to the launch pad at the Russian-leased Baikonur Cosmodrome in Baikonur, Kazakhstan, on June 13, 2010. (AP Photo/Sergey Ponomarev) #

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Spectators try to grab the highest viewing point to watch the launch of the Soyuz with Expedition 13 crew members, on March 30, 2006. (NASA/Bill Ingalls) #

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The Soyuz TMA-13 spacecraft arrives at the launch pad at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, on October 10, 2008, tilting into place for launch. (NASA/Bill Ingalls) #

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A Russian Orthodox priest blesses the Soyuz TMA-19 spacecraft at Baikonur Cosmodrome on June 14, 2010. (Vyacheslav Oseledko/AFP/Getty Images) #

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The Soyuz-FG rocket booster with Soyuz TMA-21 space ship carrying a new crew to the ISS, lifts off from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, on April 5, 2011. Circular star tracks and the trail of the rocket are the result of the long time exposure. (AP Photo/Dmitry Lovetsky) #

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A Russian Soyuz TMA-19 rocket blasts off from Kazakhstan's Baikonur Cosmodrome on June 16, 2010 on its way to the ISS. The mission was the last launch by a Soyuz rocket to the ISS before the US space shuttle program was mothballed. (Vyacheslav Oseledko/AFP/Getty Images) #

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U.S. astronaut Tracy Caldwell Dyson takes part in an examination at the Star City space center outside Moscow, on March 12, 2010. (Reuters/Sergei Remezov) #

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A mockup of the International Space Station in the pool at the Russian Cosmonauts Training Center at the Star City outside Moscow, on February 18, 2011. The center is Russia's main facility for training of space crews. (AP Photo/Sergey Ponomarev) #

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Russian cosmonaut Gennady Padalka listens to a specialist before plunging into a swimming pool as part of a training session at the Star City space center outside Moscow, on July 29, 2011. (Reuters/Sergei Remezov) #

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Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency astronaut Soichi Noguchi dives in a space suit during a refresher training excercise at the Cosmonaut training center at Star City, Russia, on January 23, 2012. (Reuters/Sergei Remezov) #

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U.S. astronaut Michael E. Fossum (right) and Russian cosmonaut Sergey Volkov take part in an emergency situation exercise at the Russian cosmonaut training center in Star City, on May 6, 2011. (Reuters/Sergei Remezov) #

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Entrepreneur Charles Simonyi of the U.S. (right) sits in a chair during vestibular training at the Space Training Center in Star City, on February 4, 2009, as he prepares for a trip to the International Space Station. (Reuters/Sergei Remezov) #

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Members of an expedition to the International Space Station, US astronaut Karen Nyberg, left, Italian astronaut Luca Parmitano, right, and Russian cosmonaut Maxim Suraev train in Noginsk, outside Moscow, on August 18, 2011. (AP Photo/Misha Japaridze) #

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A Proton-M rocket, carrying a Nimiq 6 communication satellite is transported to the launch pad at Russian leased Kazakhstan's Baikonur cosmodrome, on May 14, 2012. (AFP/Getty Images) #

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Russian cosmonaut Sergey Volkov sits under observation in a pressure chamber at the Russian space training camp in Star City, Russia, on April 6, 2011. (Reuters/Sergei Remezov) #

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Winners of the annual Red Bull Flugtag competition pose for a photo in zero gravity conditions during a flight in a cosmonaut training plane above the Moscow region, on March 1, 2012. (Reuters/Sergei Remezov) #

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Russian cosmonaut Gennady Padalka, a member of an ISS crew, signs the door of his room before leaving the hotel for a final pre-launch preparation at Baikonur Cosmodrome, on May 15, 2012. (Reuters/Sergei Remezov) #

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Russian police officers guard the Soyuz TMA-22 spaceship which will carry a new crew to the ISS, during its transportation from a hangar to the launch pad at the Russian leased Baikonur Cosmodrome, on November 11, 2011. (AP Photo/Mikhail Metzel) #

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In a long-exposure image, service towers move away from the Russian Soyuz TMA-01M spacecraft carrying an ISS crew of U.S. astronaut Scott Kelly, Russian cosmonauts Alexander Kaleri and Oleg Skripochka, a few minutes before blast off at the Baikonur Cosmodrome, on October 8, 2010. (Reuters/Shamil Zhumatov) #

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The Soyuz TMA-04M spacecraft launches from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan on May 15, 2012, carrying Expedition 31 Soyuz Commander Gennady Padalka, NASA Flight Engineer Joseph Acaba and Flight Engineer Sergei Revin to the International Space Station. (AP Photo/NASA, Bill Ingalls) #

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Cameramen film as the Soyuz TMA-04M spacecraft carrying an ISS crew of three, blasts off from its launch pad at Baikonur Cosmodrome, on May 15, 2012. (Reuters/Shamil Zhumatov) #

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The Soyuz-FG rocket booster with Soyuz TMA-02M space ship carrying a new crew to the ISS, flies above the Baikonur Cosmodrome, on June 8, 2011. The Russian rocket carried U.S. astronaut Michael Fossum, Russian cosmonaut Sergey Volkov and Japanese astronaut Satoshi Furukawa. (AP Photo/Dmitry Lovetsky) #

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The Soyuz TMA-16 spacecraft approaches the ISS on October 2, 2009, carrying NASA astronaut Jeffrey Williams, Russian cosmonaut Maxim Suraev and Canadian spaceflight participant Guy Laliberte. (AP Photo/NASA) #

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During ISS Expedition 20, on June 16, 2009, a photograph taken from orbit of the Baikonur area in Kazakhstan, and the Syrdar'ya River. (NASA) #

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A helicopter crew gets ready at Arkalyk airfield in preparation for the recovery mission of the Soyuz TMA-02M spacecraft with ISS crew of U.S. astronaut Michael Fossum, Russian cosmonaut Sergey Volkov and Japanese astronaut Satoshi Furukawa, near the town of Arkalyk in northern Kazakhstan, on November 22, 2011. (Reuters/Shamil Zhumatov) #

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A Russian Soyuz TMA-21 space capsule descends about 150 km south-east of the Kazakh town of Dzhezkazgan, Kazakhstan, on September 16, 2011. (AP Photo/Sergei Ilnitsky) #

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A group of Russian rescue service helicopters flies over Kazakh steppe on the way from Kostanai to Arkalyk on October 23, 2008. US space tourist Richard Garriott returned from the ISS in a Soyuz capsule landing in Arkalyk, on October 24 with Russian cosmonauts Sergei Volkov and Oleg Kononenko, who had been in orbit since April. (AP Photo/Dmitry Kostyukov) #

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The Soyuz TMA-22 capsule carrying International Space Station (ISS) crew members U.S. astronaut Daniel Burbank and Russian cosmonauts Anton Shkaplerov and Anatoly Ivanishin, lands in Kazakhstan, some 88km (55 miles) north-east of Arkalyk, on April 27, 2012. (Reuters/Kirill Kudryavtsev/Pool) #

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ISS crew members, U.S. astronaut Daniel Burbank and Russian cosmonauts Anton Shkaplerov and Anatoly Ivanishin, crowded inside their Soyuz capsule shortly after landing in Kazakhstan, on April 27, 2012. (Reuters/Sergei Remezov) #

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Russian support personnel arrive to help meet the Soyuz TMA-02M spacecraft shortly after the capsule landed with Expedition 29 Commander Mike Fossum, and Flight Engineers Sergei Volkov and Satoshi Furukawa in a remote area outside of the town of Arkalyk, Kazakhstan, on November 22, 2011. (AP Photo/NASA/Bill Ingalls) #

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Russian support personnel work to help get Expedition 29 crew members out of the Soyuz TMA-02M spacecraft shortly after the capsule landed on November 22, 2011. (AP Photo/NASA/Bill Ingalls) #

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European Space Agency (ESA) astronaut Frank De Winne of Belgium eats an apple in a vehicle after he returned to earth in the Russian Soyuz TMA-15 capsule in the steppe near the town of Arkalyk, Kazakhstan, on December 1, 2009. (AP Photo/Sergey Remezov) #


(Bonus: 1 of 3) This is a composite of a series of images photographed from a mounted camera on the Earth-orbiting International Space Station, from approximately 240 miles above Earth, released on March 22, 2012. Expedition 31 Flight Engineer (and photographer) Don Pettit: "My star trail images are made by taking a time exposure of about 10 to 15 minutes. However, with modern digital cameras, 30 seconds is about the longest exposure possible, due to electronic detector noise effectively snowing out the image. To achieve the longer exposures I do what many amateur astronomers do. I take multiple 30-second exposures, then 'stack' them using imaging software, thus producing the longer exposure." A total of 46 images photographed by the astronaut-monitored stationary camera in the Cupola were combined to create this composite. (NASA/Don Pettit)

(2 of 3) A composite of a series of images photographed from the ISS, released on March 17, 2012. Space station hardware in the foreground includes the Mini-Research Module (MRM1, center) and a Russian Progress vehicle docked to the Pirs Docking Compartment (right). A total of 47 images photographed by the astronaut-monitored stationary camera were combined to create this composite. (NASA/Don Pettit)

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(3 of 3) A composite of a series of images photographed from the ISS, released on March 16, 2012. A total of 18 images photographed by the astronaut-monitored stationary camera were combined to create this composite. (NASA/Don Pettit)